Which scientific breakthrough technology is now used by leading retailers to track customer movement patterns without using cameras or requiring customer opt-in?

Advanced scientific research has transformed retail technology in recent years. From quantum computing in inventory management to biometric authentication for secure shopping, science continues to revolutionize the retail experience. This trivia question explores a groundbreaking scientific development that has significantly impacted how retailers collect and analyze customer behavior data in physical stores. Test your knowledge of the intersection between cutting-edge science and retail analytics!

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Wi-Fi triangulation sensing that detects anonymous smartphone signals to map customer journeys through stores
Quantum optical sensors that detect minute changes in air pressure caused by customer movement
Neural-pattern floor tiles that measure electrical impulses from footsteps to identify returning customers
Molecular air sampling that analyzes chemical signatures unique to individual customers