In architectural retail analytics, which spatial metric is most strongly correlated with higher sales per square foot in department store designs?

In architectural design for retail spaces, understanding how layout affects customer behavior is crucial. Analytics tools now allow architects to optimize store designs based on customer movement patterns and sales data. This trivia question explores a key metric used by retail architects to evaluate the effectiveness of spatial designs in driving sales performance.

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Visual connectivity (the number of other spaces visible from any given point)
Spatial depth (the number of turns required to reach a space from the entrance)
Ceiling height variance (the difference between highest and lowest ceiling points)
Material reflectivity index (the average light reflection coefficient of surfaces)