Which ancient civilization used cartouches (oval symbols with horizontal lines) as merchant logos on their products to indicate workshop origin and quality standards?

Before modern retail, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated commercial systems with their own forms of branding and product development. From the elaborate market stalls of Rome's Forum to the specialized bazaars of ancient Mesopotamia, distinctive symbols and designs identified merchants and their wares. This trivia question explores how one ancient civilization used an early form of logo design to establish merchant identity in their bustling marketplaces.

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Ancient Egypt
Phoenicia
Mesopotamia
Minoan Crete