Which innovative book launch strategy fundamentally changed how major literary works are introduced to the public?

In the literary world, product launches take the form of book debuts that can make or break an author's career. Publishers have developed increasingly creative strategies to position new titles in a crowded marketplace. This poll tests your knowledge of innovative book launch strategies that have shaped the publishing industry and literary history. Can you identify which groundbreaking approach actually revolutionized how literary works enter the cultural conversation?

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J.K. Rowling's 2007 'Deathly Hallows' midnight release parties, which created a global retail event phenomenon now standard for major book releases
Ernest Hemingway's 'For Whom the Bell Tolls' 1940 launch, which pioneered the author book tour circuit across independent bookstores
Charles Dickens' 1836 'Pickwick Papers' subscription model, where readers pre-ordered monthly installments before full publication
Virginia Woolf's Hogarth Press 1925 strategy of limited-edition artistic bindings for 'Mrs. Dalloway' to create collector demand