Which cybersecurity technology was first developed specifically for military use before becoming widespread in civilian applications?

In an era of digital warfare, military cybersecurity has become as crucial as traditional armaments. This evolution didn't happen overnight - military forces have protected sensitive information for centuries, from ancient cipher wheels to today's quantum encryption. Test your knowledge about how military cybersecurity has transformed and the landmark developments that shaped how modern armed forces protect their digital assets and communications networks. Understanding this evolution provides valuable insights into current defense strategies.

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TOR (The Onion Router) network, created by U.S. Naval Research Laboratory in the 1990s to protect intelligence communications
Public key cryptography, developed by the British intelligence agency GCHQ in 1973, but kept classified until the 2000s
Two-factor authentication, pioneered by the Soviet military's Crypto Directorate in the 1980s Cold War era
Hardware security modules (HSMs), first deployed by NATO forces during the Gulf War to secure battlefield communications