Which ancient civilization created the first documented system of product branding that led to widespread consumer loyalty through distinctive pottery marks that guaranteed quality and origin?

Before modern marketing and digital analytics, ancient civilizations had sophisticated systems for commerce and brand recognition. The earliest known examples of brand loyalty emerged thousands of years ago, with specific artisans, regions, and merchants developing loyal followings based on quality, reputation, and distinctive marks. This poll explores how ancient consumers developed preferences and loyalties in pre-industrial marketplaces.

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Ancient Egypt, with royal seals on pottery denoting workshops that produced goods for pharaohs
Ancient Greece, with potter's marks on amphorae that indicated the origin and quality of olive oil or wine
Mesopotamia, with cylinder seals used by merchants to mark clay containers of premium goods
Roman Empire, with maker's marks (sigillum) stamped on mass-produced pottery and distributed throughout the empire