Which ancient civilization developed the first known organized system of product branding, using unique pottery marks to indicate manufacturer, quality tier, and origin to build consumer loyalty?

Before modern retail analytics, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated systems to track and analyze their commercial activities. From Mesopotamian clay tablets recording inventory to Roman market inspectors ensuring quality, data-driven commerce has deeper roots than many realize. This poll explores how ancient merchants and administrators used early forms of analytics to optimize their marketplace operations and develop customer loyalty - techniques that would evolve into today's retail data systems.

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Ancient Egyptians, who stamped hieroglyphic seals on pottery to indicate royal workshop production
Ancient Romans, who used 'ex officina' (from the workshop of) stamps with maker signatures on terra sigillata pottery
Mesopotamians, who used cylinder seals on clay containers to authenticate products from specific merchant houses
Ancient Chinese, who marked Han Dynasty pottery with imperial symbols to indicate official production and quality standards