Which inventory management technology first allowed hospitals to track medication expiration dates and usage patterns in real-time, significantly reducing pharmaceutical waste?

The medical supply chain has undergone dramatic transformations in recent decades, particularly in pharmaceutical inventory management. Modern healthcare facilities must balance having critical medications available while minimizing waste of expensive and sometimes short-dated products. Test your knowledge about a groundbreaking inventory management innovation that changed how medications are tracked and distributed in hospitals and pharmacies.

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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) smart cabinets, first implemented at Cleveland Clinic in 2004
Barcode Medication Administration (BCMA) systems, first implemented at VA hospitals in 1999
Automated Dispensing Cabinets (ADCs) with expiration tracking, first used at Mayo Clinic in 2001
Blockchain-based medication tracking, pioneered by Johns Hopkins in 2008