Which machine learning application first achieved widespread adoption among major retailers, fundamentally changing their business operations?

Machine learning is transforming the retail landscape in profound ways. From inventory optimization to personalized recommendations, retailers are leveraging sophisticated algorithms to gain competitive advantages. This trivia question tests your knowledge about a pioneering ML implementation that changed how major retailers approach their business strategy and customer experience. Do you know which revolutionary machine learning application first gained widespread adoption in the retail sector?

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Amazon's recommendation engine that uses collaborative filtering to suggest products based on purchase history and browsing behavior
Walmart's demand forecasting system that predicts inventory needs based on weather patterns and local events
Target's customer segmentation algorithm that identified pregnant shoppers before they made pregnancy-related purchases
Zara's supply chain optimization system that adjusts production based on real-time sales data from stores worldwide