Which military supply chain innovation, developed during WWII, revolutionized inventory tracking and later became the foundation for modern retail inventory management systems worldwide?

Throughout military history, supply chain innovations have often determined the outcomes of major conflicts. From Alexander the Great's revolutionary logistics to modern military supply management systems, the ability to equip and supply forces has been as crucial as battlefield strategy. This trivia question explores a pivotal supply chain innovation that transformed modern warfare capabilities and influenced civilian retail logistics systems we use today.

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The Standard Linear Barcode System, first used by the US Army to track equipment shipments to the European theater
The Logistics Planning Matrix, developed by British forces to coordinate Mediterranean supply routes
The Standard Stock Number system, which evolved into the modern SKU and UPC inventory tracking systems
The Red Ball Express rapid delivery system, which later inspired just-in-time inventory practices