Which marketing strategy was primarily responsible for making J.K. Rowling's 'Harry Potter' series a global phenomenon before social media existed?

The publishing industry has seen remarkable marketing innovations that have transformed unknown manuscripts into global phenomena. From grassroots campaigns to sophisticated digital strategies, publishers have found creative ways to connect books with readers. This trivia question explores one of the most successful marketing campaigns in literary history that fundamentally changed how books reach consumers.

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Midnight release parties at bookstores creating event-based retail experiences
Traditional television advertising campaigns targeting children during Saturday morning cartoons
Exclusive distribution through academic bookstores to target the education market
Celebrity endorsements from Hollywood actors who were fans of the early manuscripts