Which inventor created the first practical barcode system that was eventually adopted as the Universal Product Code (UPC) standard still used in retail today?

The world of retail has been transformed by technological innovations and visionary entrepreneurs. This trivia question explores a groundbreaking invention that revolutionized how products are identified and tracked in stores worldwide, fundamentally changing inventory management and the checkout experience. Test your knowledge about this pivotal retail technology that connects product design, retail analytics, and e-commerce systems.

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Norman Joseph Woodland, who drew the first barcode in sand on Miami Beach in 1949 and later developed the bull's-eye barcode pattern
Thomas Nagle, who developed the first laser scanner system for retail at MIT in 1957 but never patented the technology
Margaret Hamilton, who wrote the software algorithms for IBM's first retail inventory tracking system in 1966
Raymond Damadian, who repurposed medical imaging technology to create the first product scanning system for Walmart in 1971