Which of the following NLP (Natural Language Processing) training approaches has been proven to significantly reduce the carbon footprint of language model development while maintaining performance?

In today's digital era, language technologies power everything from translation services to voice assistants. But have you considered the environmental impact of these systems? Large language models and NLP systems require significant computational resources, raising important sustainability questions for the linguistics and language technology industry. Test your knowledge about the intersection of language technologies and environmental sustainability.

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Transfer learning with parameter-efficient fine-tuning
Increasing model size for better one-shot generalization
Running multiple parallel training instances for optimal hyperparameter search
Using GPUs instead of TPUs for all training procedures