Which mathematical concept is most commonly used by major retailers to optimize store layouts for maximizing customer purchases?

In today's data-driven retail world, mathematics plays a crucial role in optimizing store layouts and customer experiences. Sophisticated algorithms and statistical models help retailers maximize sales by strategically placing products and designing customer flow patterns. How well do you understand the mathematical principles that shape modern retail spaces and influence consumer behavior?

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Markov Chain models that predict customer movement patterns through different store sections
Fibonacci sequences that determine aesthetically pleasing shelf arrangements
Euler circuits that create single-path shopping routes without repetition
Fractal geometry that creates self-similar display patterns at different store scales