Which mathematical retail analytics technique revolutionized product recommendation systems and is based on matrix factorization to identify latent features in customer-product interactions?

Retail analytics has revolutionized how businesses understand customer behavior through mathematical modeling. Modern retailers leverage complex algorithms and statistical methods to optimize everything from inventory to personalized recommendations. This trivia question explores a significant mathematical innovation that transformed how retailers analyze customer purchasing patterns and make data-driven decisions.

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Collaborative Filtering
Random Forest Classification
K-means Clustering
Markov Chain Analysis