Which mathematical technique revolutionized retail personalization algorithms by allowing systems to identify hidden patterns in customer purchase data without being explicitly programmed?

In today's data-driven retail environment, mathematical models power decision-making at every level. Behind the personalized recommendations, inventory forecasts, and customer insights lies sophisticated mathematics. This trivia question explores how retailers use one particularly powerful mathematical concept to gain competitive advantage in their personalization algorithms. Test your knowledge about how numbers truly drive retail innovation!

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Matrix Factorization
Neural Networks
Markov Chain Analysis
Bayesian Inference