Which mathematical technique revolutionized retail analytics by enabling businesses to identify hidden patterns in large customer datasets?

The intersection of mathematics and retail analytics has transformed how businesses understand customer behavior and optimize operations. Advanced mathematical algorithms power everything from inventory management to personalized recommendations. This trivia question focuses on a groundbreaking mathematical technique that revolutionized retail data analytics and continues to shape the industry's approach to understanding customer patterns.

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Markov Chain Analysis
Association Rule Mining
Fourier Transform Analysis
Eigenvalue Decomposition