Which mathematical technique revolutionized retail customer analytics by enabling Netflix to improve its recommendation system accuracy by 10% and win the $1 million Netflix Prize in 2009?

In the competitive retail landscape, sophisticated mathematical algorithms drive customer analytics systems that help companies understand purchasing patterns and predict future behavior. These systems are critical for retail giants aiming to maintain market advantage. Test your knowledge about how mathematics intersects with advanced retail customer analytics!

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Matrix Factorization (specifically Singular Value Decomposition)
Monte Carlo Markov Chains
K-means Clustering Algorithm
Naive Bayes Classification