Which military supply chain innovation was first widely implemented during the Napoleonic Wars, allowing armies to maintain extended campaigns?

Throughout military history, logistics and supply chains have often determined the outcome of wars as much as tactics or weaponry. From Alexander the Great to modern warfare, the evolution of military supply systems has shaped how conflicts are fought and won. This trivia question explores a pivotal innovation in military retail and supply chain management that changed the nature of warfare.

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The canned food preservation system, developed by Nicolas Appert in 1809
The military commissary system with mobile field stores
Standardized ammunition packaging and distribution protocols
The quartermaster corps with centralized inventory management