Which mathematical technique is most commonly used by major e-commerce platforms to power their product recommendation systems?

Modern e-commerce platforms rely heavily on mathematical algorithms to enhance user experience and increase sales. From recommendation systems to dynamic pricing models, mathematics powers the digital retail landscape in ways most consumers never see. This poll tests your knowledge about how advanced mathematical concepts are applied in the e-commerce world to analyze and predict consumer behavior.

This is a live public trivia poll on AIPolls.Net. Vote and see real-time results.

Collaborative filtering using matrix factorization
Simple random sampling with replacement
Laplace transforms for time-series analysis
Euclidean geometry for spatial product relationships