Which ancient civilization invented the first standardized system of pricing with fixed price tags on goods, rather than the traditional bartering method?

Before modern retail existed, ancient civilizations had their own sophisticated commercial systems. From Mesopotamian bazaars to Roman shopping districts, these early marketplaces laid the groundwork for today's retail practices. This poll explores how ancient civilizations approached commerce, pricing, and product marketing—many of their innovations continue to influence retail strategies thousands of years later.

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Ancient Egypt under Pharaoh Thutmose III, who established royal price controls on marketplace goods
The Roman Empire during Emperor Diocletian's reign with his Edict on Maximum Prices
Lydian merchants in the 7th century BCE, who introduced standardized gold and silver coins with marked values
Han Dynasty China, where government officials enforced uniform pricing in imperial markets