Which major publishing merger created the 'Big Five' member Penguin Random House in 2013?

In the world of Arts & Literature, major publishing houses have created iconic brand identities and undergone significant transformations through mergers and acquisitions. These corporate shifts have dramatically reshaped the landscape of literature distribution and production. Test your knowledge about one of the most significant publishing mergers in recent literary history that created a powerhouse controlling approximately 25% of the global English-language publishing market.

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Random House (owned by Bertelsmann) merged with Penguin Books (owned by Pearson PLC)
HarperCollins acquired Penguin Books from Pearson PLC
Simon & Schuster merged with Random House to form a new entity
Hachette Book Group acquired both Penguin and Random House in separate deals