Which innovative data analytics practice helped Amazon initially grow from an online bookstore into a retail giant?

The book retail landscape has undergone dramatic transformations in recent decades. From traditional bookstores to digital marketplaces, the way we discover and purchase literature has evolved with changing consumer behaviors and technological innovations. This trivia question explores how data analytics has shaped one of the most influential bookstore success stories in modern retail history.

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Their 'collaborative filtering' recommendation system that suggested books based on purchase patterns of similar customers
Their 'BookScan' technology that analyzed reading speed and completion rates of e-books
Their 'Literary Genome Project' that categorized books by 418 distinct thematic elements
Their 'Bestseller Prediction Algorithm' that forecast literary trends 6 months in advance