Which ancient civilization developed the earliest known form of 'brand identity' through stamped maker's marks on their products to guarantee quality and origin?

Before modern shopping malls and e-commerce, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated retail systems and marketing techniques. From Mesopotamian bazaars to Roman market advertising, these early societies laid the groundwork for modern commercial practices. This poll explores how ancient merchants promoted their products and built their brand identities in a world without digital technology or mass production.

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Ancient Egyptians, who marked pottery and papyrus goods with hieroglyphic symbols representing specific workshops
Mesopotamians, who used cylinder seals on clay vessels to identify the merchant or workshop that produced them
Ancient Greeks, who inscribed amphora and pottery with the name of the city-state where goods were produced
Roman merchants, who branded their olive oil amphorae with detailed information about product origin and quality