Which mathematical concept is primarily used in RSA encryption, a common security method for protecting customer data in online retail transactions?

In today's digital marketplace, mathematics plays a crucial role in retail cybersecurity. Advanced algorithms and mathematical models form the backbone of security systems that protect customer data, prevent fraud, and secure transactions. This poll tests your knowledge about how specific mathematical concepts are applied in modern retail cybersecurity solutions.

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Prime factorization of large numbers
Euclidean geometry
Bayesian probability
Fourier transforms