Which presidential campaign first pioneered A/B testing for merchandise designs, resulting in a data-driven approach that increased merchandise revenue by over 30%?

Political campaigns have evolved significantly in their approach to merchandise and branding. Campaign merchandise is no longer just about visibility but has become a sophisticated retail operation driving fundraising, data collection, and supporter engagement. This trivia question explores a notable retail innovation in political campaign merchandise that changed how campaigns approach product development and supporter engagement.

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Obama 2012 campaign
Trump 2016 campaign
Clinton 2008 campaign
Sanders 2016 campaign