Which ancient civilization invented the world's first known retail loyalty program to improve customer retention and lifetime value?

Before modern shopping malls and e-commerce, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated retail systems that laid the groundwork for today's consumer experiences. These early marketplaces weren't just places to trade goods—they were centers of innovation that revolutionized customer experience, brand recognition, and retail marketing strategies. This trivia challenge explores how ancient civilizations approached retail innovation and created customer experiences that would still be recognizable to modern shoppers.

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Ancient Egypt, where pharaonic merchants issued clay tokens that customers could collect and exchange for special merchandise
Ancient Rome, where the 'tessera' token system allowed regular customers of certain shops to receive preferential treatment and discounts
Mesopotamia, where Babylonian merchants kept cuneiform records of repeat customers to offer them exclusive imported goods
Ancient China, where Han Dynasty shopkeepers provided regular customers with bamboo tallies for accumulating benefits