Which scientific technology forms the primary foundation of modern 'smart shelves' in advanced retail environments?

Smart shelf technology is transforming retail through scientific innovation. These advanced systems use various sensors and technologies to monitor inventory, analyze shopper behavior, and create personalized shopping experiences. But how well do you understand the science that powers this retail innovation? Test your knowledge about the technology that's changing how we shop and how retailers manage their stores.

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RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) sensors that detect product movement and inventory changes
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) transmitters that solely communicate with shoppers' mobile devices
Thermal imaging cameras that exclusively track customer body temperature for health screening
Ultrasonic ranging sensors that only measure the distance between products and shoppers