Which scientific innovation first enabled major retailers to accurately measure and significantly reduce their carbon footprint across supply chains?

The intersection of science and retail sustainability has produced remarkable innovations that have changed how businesses approach environmental responsibility. This trivia question explores a significant scientific advancement that transformed sustainable retail practices. Test your knowledge of how scientific breakthroughs have influenced environmental initiatives in the retail sector.

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Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) software developed in 2008 that could track carbon emissions from raw material extraction to disposal
RFID tracking technology that monitored product movement and associated emissions (2012)
Blockchain-based sustainability verification systems introduced in 2015
AI-powered inventory optimization algorithms from 2018 that reduced waste by predicting demand