Which innovative brand positioning technique did ancient Roman merchants pioneer around 35 BCE that is still used in modern marketing?

Before modern advertising agencies and digital marketing, ancient civilizations had their own sophisticated methods of brand positioning. The Roman Empire, in particular, developed remarkable techniques to distinguish products and services in their vast marketplace. This trivia question explores how ancient Roman merchants created some of the earliest examples of brand positioning that would influence commerce for centuries to come.

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Product endorsements by gladiators and public figures
Seasonal discount campaigns during Saturnalia festivals
Geographic product naming (similar to modern PDOs)
Subscription-based membership models for imported goods