Which ancient marketing strategy revolutionized commerce and is considered a precursor to modern branding?

Before modern marketing agencies and digital campaigns, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated strategies to promote their products and establish trade networks. From Phoenician merchants advertising their wares through distinctive symbols to Roman shopkeepers using painted signs and vocal promotions, marketing has ancient roots. This poll explores how these early civilizations approached what we now call 'marketing strategy' - can you identify which technique was truly revolutionary for its time?

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Mesopotamian cylinder seals used as product authentication marks (3500-3000 BCE)
Egyptian hieroglyphic advertisements on papyrus scrolls (2000 BCE)
Greek symposium product demonstrations for wealthy patrons (500 BCE)
Roman coin imagery depicting imperial product endorsements (100 CE)