Which machine learning approach is MOST commonly used in retail personalization algorithms to predict future purchases based on past behavior?

In today's data-driven retail environment, personalization algorithms have transformed how businesses connect with consumers. These sophisticated systems analyze behavioral patterns, purchase history, and browsing habits to create uniquely tailored shopping experiences. But how much do you know about the scientific principles behind these powerful retail tools? Test your knowledge about the cutting-edge technology that's reshaping the retail landscape.

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Collaborative filtering
Generative adversarial networks (GANs)
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs)
Reinforcement learning with Monte Carlo simulations