Which ancient civilization pioneered the first known form of product packaging with branded seals that served both as quality guarantees and early product marketing?

Before modern shopping malls and online marketplaces, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated retail systems. From the agoras of Greece to the forums of Rome and the bazaars of Mesopotamia, retail strategies evolved over thousands of years. This poll explores how ancient merchants approached product development, customer retention, and sales strategies - techniques that laid the groundwork for modern retail practices we still use today.

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Mesopotamians, who used clay bullae (hollow clay balls) with merchant seals to guarantee contents of shipments around 3500 BCE
Ancient Egyptians, who marked pottery jars with hieroglyphic symbols indicating the producer and contents around 3000 BCE
Phoenicians, who attached colored cloth tags with merchant symbols to differentiate product quality grades around 1200 BCE
Ancient Chinese merchants of the Zhou Dynasty, who used bamboo tags with carved maker's marks around 1000 BCE