Which mathematical technique revolutionized retail inventory management by reducing the 'bullwhip effect' in supply chains?

In the world of retail big data, mathematics plays a crucial role in transforming raw numbers into actionable insights. Advanced statistical models and algorithms help retailers optimize everything from inventory management to personalized marketing. This poll tests your knowledge of how specific mathematical concepts are applied in modern retail analytics to drive business growth and customer satisfaction.

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Bayesian inference models
Monte Carlo simulations
Exponential smoothing forecasting
Markov chain analysis