Which pricing strategy became particularly prevalent for rare disease medications following the Orphan Drug Act of 1983?

The pharmaceutical industry employs various pricing strategies, especially for rare disease treatments. The Orphan Drug Act of 1983 created specific incentives that dramatically shaped how certain medications are priced in the market. This poll tests your knowledge of how this landmark legislation affected pharmaceutical pricing strategies for rare disease treatments. Do you understand the economic factors behind some of medicine's most expensive therapies?

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Value-based pricing with premiums reflecting the high clinical value and limited patient population
Cost-plus pricing focused primarily on recouping R&D investments plus standard industry margins
Reference pricing aligning with international standards for similar therapeutic categories
Loss-leader pricing to build market share before implementing subscription-based payment models