Which innovative sales strategy did Winchester use to market their Model 1873 rifle that revolutionized product distribution in the post-Civil War era?

The 'Gun that Won the West' wasn't just a military innovation, but also a masterpiece of 19th century marketing. Winchester Repeating Arms Company's Model 1873 rifle transformed warfare and the American frontier, while also pioneering modern product marketing techniques. This trivia question explores how this iconic firearm was advertised and distributed during a pivotal era in military history and commercial retail.

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Mail-order catalog sales with money-back guarantee, allowing frontier settlers to purchase firearms without traveling to eastern gun shops
Celebrity endorsements from Buffalo Bill Cody and Annie Oakley in traveling Wild West shows, the first documented product placement campaign
Installation of mechanical vending machines at train stations that dispensed ammunition and firearm accessories using coin operation
Subscription-based ownership model where customers paid monthly for the rifle and received free ammunition deliveries quarterly