Which government initiative was the first to implement a nationwide digital identity system that allowed citizens to access over 90% of public services online through a single platform?

Government agencies worldwide are implementing retail-inspired innovations to improve citizen services. Digital identity systems are at the forefront of this transformation, allowing citizens to access government services through secure online platforms. These systems utilize retail IoT concepts and e-commerce platform designs to create seamless user experiences. Test your knowledge about how governments are leveraging retail technologies for digital identity management!

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Estonia's e-Estonia program (launched 2001)
Singapore's SingPass system (launched 2003)
India's Aadhaar system (launched 2009)
Denmark's NemID program (launched 2010)