Which scientific advancement enabled the first widespread adoption of electronic point-of-sale (POS) systems in retail during the 1970s?

Point-of-sale (POS) systems have transformed retail through scientific innovation. These technological marvels combine hardware, software, and data science to streamline transactions, track inventory, and analyze customer behavior. Modern POS systems represent the intersection of retail operations and scientific advancement. This trivia question explores a pivotal moment in the evolution of retail technology that changed how businesses operate worldwide.

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The development of the integrated circuit microprocessor
Introduction of radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags
Creation of the World Wide Web and HTTP protocol
Development of fiber optic communication networks