Which ancient civilization first used branded clay seals as 'logos' on merchandise to indicate product quality and merchant reputation in their retail marketplaces?

Long before modern storefronts and digital shopping carts, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated retail experiences and brand management techniques. From the bazaars of Mesopotamia to the agoras of Greece, merchants created unique identities to distinguish their goods. This trivia question explores how ancient retailers used visual branding elements to create memorable shopping experiences and build customer loyalty in marketplaces that were the commercial centers of their time.

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Ancient Egypt (3100-30 BCE)
Mesopotamia (4000-3000 BCE)
Ancient China (Shang Dynasty, 1600-1046 BCE)
Minoan Civilization (2700-1100 BCE)