Which retail innovation first allowed Amazon to disrupt the traditional bookstore model and eventually transform the publishing industry?

The publishing industry has undergone dramatic transformations in how books reach consumers. From traditional bookstores to innovative digital platforms, publishers and authors have had to adapt their retail strategies to changing consumer behaviors. This trivia question explores a significant retail innovation that revolutionized the literary marketplace and changed how millions access literature. Test your knowledge about the business side of arts and literature!

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The Kindle e-reader device, which created a new digital marketplace
Amazon's patented 1-Click purchasing system, which simplified online book buying
The customer review system that allowed readers to share opinions on books
The 'unlimited virtual shelf space' that allowed Amazon to offer millions of titles no physical store could stock