Which mathematician's work directly led to the development of the barcode, revolutionizing retail inventory management?

Mathematics has influenced retail and product development in surprising ways. From algorithms that power recommendation engines to geometric designs in packaging, math is everywhere in the product world. This trivia tests your knowledge about a famous mathematical innovation that revolutionized retail inventory management and created one of the most recognizable symbols in shopping worldwide.

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Claude Shannon, whose information theory established the foundation for efficient encoding of product data
Norman Joseph Woodland, who adapted Morse code principles into the first barcode system using lines of different widths
John Forbes Nash Jr., whose game theory optimized inventory tracking systems for multiple competing products
Benoit Mandelbrot, whose fractal mathematics created more efficient product tracking patterns