Which of these retail technology inventions was first patented by Norman Joseph Woodland and Bernard Silver in 1952, though it wasn't widely adopted in stores until the 1970s?

The retail landscape has been transformed by numerous technological innovations throughout history. Some inventions fundamentally changed how consumers shop and how businesses operate. This trivia question focuses on a pivotal technology that revolutionized inventory management and product identification in retail - an invention that might seem ordinary today but represented a breakthrough when first introduced.

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Universal Product Code (UPC) barcode
Electronic cash register (ECR)
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag
Self-checkout kiosk