Which mathematician first applied cluster analysis to retail customer segmentation in the 1960s, revolutionizing how retailers grouped their customers based on purchasing patterns?

Before sophisticated algorithms dominated retail analytics, mathematicians were pioneering statistical methods for consumer insights. This trivia explores a pivotal moment in the development of retail customer insights when mathematics fundamentally changed how retailers understood their customers. Test your knowledge of this intersection between mathematics and retail analytics history!

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James MacQueen, whose k-means clustering algorithm (1967) was first applied to segment department store customers by purchase behavior
John Tukey, whose box plot visualization method was adapted to identify outlier customers in retail settings
Peter Naur, whose work on formal grammar structures was applied to categorize customer shopping sequences
Ronald Fisher, whose discriminant analysis techniques were first used to classify retail loyalty program members