Which architect is credited with designing the first enclosed, climate-controlled shopping mall in the United States, establishing the blueprint for modern mall architecture?

The shopping mall revolutionized retail architecture and consumer behavior in the 20th century. But do you know the origins of this influential retail concept? Test your knowledge about the architectural innovation that transformed shopping from a necessity to an experience, and continues to evolve in response to changing consumer preferences and digital disruption.

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Victor Gruen, who designed Southdale Center in Edina, Minnesota (1956)
Frank Lloyd Wright, who designed Market Square in Lake Forest, Illinois (1916)
I.M. Pei, who designed Roosevelt Field Mall in Garden City, New York (1962)
John Graham Jr., who designed Northgate Mall in Seattle, Washington (1950)