Which U.S. federal government standard, introduced in 2004, first mandated multi-factor authentication for all federal employees and contractors?

In an era of increasing cybersecurity threats, government agencies worldwide have had to develop sophisticated authentication systems to protect sensitive data. This poll explores a significant milestone in government cybersecurity standards that shaped how agencies protect information and verify identities. Test your knowledge about the protocols that help keep government data secure from unauthorized access.

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Homeland Security Presidential Directive 12 (HSPD-12)
Federal Information Processing Standards 140-2 (FIPS 140-2)
National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-53
Federal Identity, Credential, and Access Management Framework (FICAM)