Which mathematician is credited with developing the 'collaborative filtering' algorithm that revolutionized retail personalization and was later adopted by Amazon's recommendation system?

The intersection of mathematics and retail analytics has revolutionized how companies understand consumer behavior. Advanced algorithms have transformed raw data into actionable insights, allowing retailers to optimize everything from inventory management to personalized marketing. This trivia question focuses on a groundbreaking mathematical approach that changed retail analytics forever. Test your knowledge about who first applied this innovative technique!

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John Tukey, who applied his statistical methods to retail data in 1994, creating the first version of what would become collaborative filtering
Jon Kleinberg, whose work on HITS algorithm at Cornell inspired Amazon's item-to-item collaborative filtering approach
Badrul Sarwar, who with his team at GroupLens Research developed the matrix factorization techniques that power modern recommendation systems
John McCarthy, who along with researchers at MIT's Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, pioneered the earliest form of collaborative filtering in 1992 with the Tapestry system