Which retail pioneer first implemented 'fixed pricing' (no-haggle price tags) in the 1850s, revolutionizing retail by making prices transparent and non-negotiable for all customers?

Before the mid-19th century, haggling was the norm in Western retail. Every purchase involved negotiation between merchant and customer, with prices varying based on relationships, perceived wealth, and negotiation skills. This system persisted for thousands of years until a revolutionary pricing innovation changed retail forever and shaped the modern shopping experience we know today.

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F.W. Woolworth (Five and Dime Stores)
Alexander Turney Stewart (A.T. Stewart's Marble Palace)
Marshall Field (Marshall Field and Company)
John Wanamaker (Wanamaker's Department Store)