Which of these retail technology innovations was first introduced by IBM in 1973, fundamentally changing how products are tracked and sold worldwide?

Throughout history, certain product innovations have fundamentally transformed how retailers operate and how consumers shop. These revolutionary inventions didn't just create new product categories—they reshaped entire business models and consumer behaviors. This trivia question explores one such transformative technology that altered the retail landscape forever and created entirely new patterns of brand loyalty.

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Universal Product Code (UPC) barcode system
Electronic point-of-sale (EPOS) terminals
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags
Electronic article surveillance (EAS) anti-theft system