Which retail innovation in the book industry first introduced the 'algorithmic recommendation' system that revolutionized how readers discover new books?

The publishing industry has undergone tremendous transformation in the digital age. From traditional bookstores to e-commerce giants and digital reading platforms, the journey of books from publisher to reader has dramatically changed. This poll tests your knowledge of how retail channels in the literary world have evolved and how these changes have impacted authors, publishers, and readers alike.

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Barnes & Noble's B&N Recommends program (1990s)
Amazon's collaborative filtering system (1998)
Borders' Preferred Reader loyalty program (2000)
Goodreads' community-based suggestion feature (2007)