Which IoT-enabled smart city initiative was first implemented at scale by a national government to improve public service delivery?

Municipal and federal governments are increasingly turning to Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to create smarter, more efficient cities. From traffic management to public safety and environmental monitoring, IoT is transforming how governments deliver services to citizens. This trivia question tests your knowledge of how governments are implementing retail-inspired IoT solutions in the public sector.

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South Korea's Smart Seoul 2015 project, which deployed over 50,000 IoT sensors for traffic, waste management, and public safety
Singapore's Smart Nation program, which launched comprehensive IoT networks for transportation and public utilities management
Barcelona's Urban Platform, which pioneered IoT-based smart lighting and irrigation systems across the metropolitan area
Estonia's e-Government initiative, which integrated IoT technology into public service access points throughout the country